Legislature(2021 - 2022)SENATE FINANCE 532

02/05/2021 09:00 AM Senate FINANCE

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09:02:06 AM Start
09:03:10 AM Presentation: Prs/trs Update, Fy22 Payment
10:12:18 AM Adjourn
* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ PERS/TRS Update, FY22 Payment by: TELECONFERENCED
- Ajay Desai, Director of the Division of
Retirement & Benefits
- Jim Puckett, Deputy Director
- Emily Ricci, Chief Health Policy Administrator
- Kevin Worley, Chief Financial Officer
                 SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE                                                                                       
                     February 5, 2021                                                                                           
                         9:02 a.m.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
9:02:06 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CALL TO ORDER                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman   called  the  Senate   Finance  Committee                                                                    
meeting to order at 9:02 a.m.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS PRESENT                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Senator Click Bishop, Co-Chair                                                                                                  
Senator Bert Stedman, Co-Chair                                                                                                  
Senator Lyman Hoffman                                                                                                           
Senator Donny Olson (via teleconference)                                                                                        
Senator Natasha von Imhof                                                                                                       
Senator Bill Wielechowski                                                                                                       
Senator David Wilson                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
MEMBERS ABSENT                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
None                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
PRESENT VIA TELECONFERENCE                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Ajay Desai,  Director, Division of Retirement  and Benefits,                                                                    
Department  of  Administration;  Emily Ricci,  Chief  Health                                                                    
Policy Administrator,  Division of Retirement  and Benefits,                                                                    
Department of Administration;  Kevin Worley, Chief Financial                                                                    
Officer, Division of Retirement  and Benefits, Department of                                                                    
Administration.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
SUMMARY                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
PRESENTATION: PRS/TRS UPDATE, FY22 PAYMENT                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman discussed the agenda.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
^PRESENTATION: PRS/TRS UPDATE, FY22 PAYMENT                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
9:03:10 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
AJAY DESAI,  DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF RETIREMENT  AND BENEFITS,                                                                    
DEPARTMENT    OF   ADMINISTRATION    (via   teleconference),                                                                    
discussed  his  background.  He had  been  director  of  the                                                                    
Division of  Retirement and Benefits  for the  previous four                                                                    
years. He  had about 32 years  of experience in the  area of                                                                    
pension  and health  benefit  administration. He  introduced                                                                    
his staff.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:04:14 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr.   Desai  discussed   the  presentation   "PERS/TRS  2020                                                                    
Update," (copy on file).                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  looked at slide  2, "Organization   PERS  / TRS,"                                                                    
which showed  a flow chart  that included the  Department of                                                                    
Revenue, the  Alaska Retirement Management (ARM)  Board, and                                                                    
the Department  of Administration  (DOA). He  commented that                                                                    
effective October  1, 2005 the  ARM board was a  trustee for                                                                    
the   pension   and   retiree  health   trust,   the   state                                                                    
supplemental annuity plan,  and deferred compensation plans.                                                                    
The board's primary duties were  to manage and invest assets                                                                    
in a manner that was  sufficient to meet the liabilities and                                                                    
pension obligations  of the system.  He listed a  summary of                                                                    
the  board's duties:  establish investment  policies, review                                                                    
actuarial earnings assumptions,  establish asset allocation,                                                                    
set  contribution  rates  of employers,  provide  investment                                                                    
options, and monitor performance.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai spoke  to slide  3, "Membership  (as of  June 30,                                                                    
2020)," which  showed a data  table with  membership numbers                                                                    
under both  PERS and  TRS from  defined benefit  and defined                                                                    
contribution  plans. He  pointed out  that the  numbers were                                                                    
broken down  by tier  and active versus  inactive employees.                                                                    
He directed  attention to the  last column,  which indicated                                                                    
that there  were about 34 percent  active participants under                                                                    
defined  benefits  plans in  2020.  He  noted that  inactive                                                                    
vested  employees  were at  about  71  percent, and  retired                                                                    
employees were  at 100  percent. Under  defined contribution                                                                    
plans, the  active population  was continuously  growing and                                                                    
was  at   about  66   percent.  Inactive   vested  employees                                                                    
comprised  about 29  percent. There  was a  half percent  of                                                                    
retirees  in defined  contribution plans  that was  shown as                                                                    
zero.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai referenced  slide 4,  "An  Employer Group  Waiver                                                                    
Plan (EGWP) Subsidy":                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
     ? Projected amounts described above are rough                                                                              
     estimates due to the dynamic nature of claims.                                                                             
     ? 2019 Actual subsidy is $49.5M compared to the                                                                            
     projected subsidy of $52.9M                                                                                                
     ? 2020 Actual subsidy is subject to minor adjustment                                                                       
     due to true-up                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai shared  that  the 2020  actual  subsidy from  the                                                                    
Employer Group Waiver Plan (EGWP)  was projected to be about                                                                    
$58.38 million. He projected about  $62.25 million for 2021,                                                                    
which was trending higher than  expected and would help with                                                                    
the unfunded liability.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:08:12 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Senator von  Imhof asked if  the reference to  "subsidy" was                                                                    
an  Unrestricted General  Fund (UGF)  additional payment  of                                                                    
$62 million. She  asked if the amount was a  subsidy made of                                                                    
GF to make the account whole.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  explained  that  the  funds  were  savings  that                                                                    
otherwise  would  have  been  spent  on  drugs  through  the                                                                    
retiree plans. By implementing the  EGWP, the state was able                                                                    
to save and get a federal subsidy.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Senator von  Imhof asked if  the EGWP was an  arrangement to                                                                    
help do bulk  purchasing with prescription drugs  and if Mr.                                                                    
Desai was  saying that the  federal government was  going to                                                                    
be paying  the state $62  million for  2021 as a  cost shift                                                                    
from the state.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai answered in the affirmative.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
9:09:50 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Senator  Wilson  asked  about  projected  cost  savings  for                                                                    
future years.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai asked his staff to address the question.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
EMILY RICCI, CHIEF HEALTH  POLICY ADMINISTRATOR, DIVISION OF                                                                    
RETIREMENT AND  BENEFITS, DEPARTMENT OF  ADMINISTRATION (via                                                                    
teleconference), noted  that the federal  subsidies provided                                                                    
through  the EGWP  were fairly  dynamic.  She mentioned  the                                                                    
catastrophic  reinsurance  and  the coverage  gap  discount,                                                                    
which reflected  the pharmacy  spending for  the membership.                                                                    
She  pointed out  that prescription  drug costs  for retiree                                                                    
members had  grown from  2019 to  2021. For  the foreseeable                                                                    
future,  assuming  there  were  no changes  at  the  federal                                                                    
level, the  subsidies would increase  with the  increases in                                                                    
prescription drug prices.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Mr.   Desai   turned   to   slide   5,   "Additional   State                                                                    
Contributions   Projected," which  showed a data table which                                                                    
listed  projected additional  state contributions  from 2022                                                                    
through 2043. He  reminded that there had  been a projection                                                                    
that the state  would be 100 percent funded by  2039. As the                                                                    
state   had  created   new  layers   for  liabilities,   the                                                                    
contribution rate went a little  higher on the TRS side. The                                                                    
amount would be paid by additional state assistance.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair   Stedman   asked   for   an   estimate   regarding                                                                    
overfunding  towards  the  end with  lower  participants  in                                                                    
2040.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  stated that the question  of overfunding prompted                                                                    
the extension  of amortization past  2039, in the  case that                                                                    
there  was a  significant  drop in  investment income  there                                                                    
would not  be a huge liability  to pay off. The  majority of                                                                    
state contributions would be paid by 2039.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked about  the current unfunded liability                                                                    
for PERS and TRS.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Mr.   Desai    estimated   that   current    liability   was                                                                    
approximately $6.1  billion in  present value. If  the state                                                                    
were to pay the total liability  in a lump sum, it would add                                                                    
up to  about $4.8  billion for PERS  and about  $1.4 billion                                                                    
for TRS.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
9:14:47 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr.   Desai   considered    slide   6,   "Additional   State                                                                    
Contributions  -   History,"  which  showed  a   data  table                                                                    
depicting additional state contributions  from 2006 to 2021.                                                                    
He highlighted that  the total added up to  $7.9 billion. He                                                                    
thought  the  amount  was significant.  There  had  been  $3                                                                    
billion paid in 2015.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman pointed  out that  when the  state reduced                                                                    
its  contribution from  2016 to  2019, there  was a  greater                                                                    
contribution to be paid in the  future. He did not think the                                                                    
practice was necessarily a good  idea and made matters worse                                                                    
in the future.                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
9:16:13 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai displayed slide 7, "Investment Experience":                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
     The  actuarial value  of  assets  was reinitialized  to                                                                    
     equal  fair value  as of  June 30,  2014. Beginning  in                                                                    
     FY15,  the  valuation  method  recognizes  20%  of  the                                                                    
     investment  gain or  loss each  year, for  a period  of                                                                    
     five years ("Smoothing").                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai noted that the first  column on the table on slide                                                                    
7 showed assumed  actuarial earning rates set  by the board,                                                                    
which  was 7.38  percent  for  PERS and  TRS.  In 2019,  the                                                                    
return based  on fair value of  assets for PERS was  about 6                                                                    
percent  and for  TRS was  about 5.9  percent. For  2020 the                                                                    
rates  based  on fair  value  of  assets  were about  a  4.1                                                                    
percent  for  both  plans,  but the  numbers  were  not  yet                                                                    
finalized.  The  actuarial  value  for both  plans  was  5.5                                                                    
percent for 2019 and 5.8 percent for 2020.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked about the  assumed actuarial rate and                                                                    
the lower values for the  fair value of assets and actuarial                                                                    
rate.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai explained that there  was a smoothing process over                                                                    
a five-year period that recognized  20 percent of investment                                                                    
gain  or loss  each year.  He  stated that  by applying  the                                                                    
smoothing  method,   there  was  a  lesser   impact  on  the                                                                    
actuarial assets of the plans.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman  asked if  the  division  was hitting  its                                                                    
targeted rate of return, and  if the committee should expect                                                                    
a decrease in the rates.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  pointed  out the  difference  between  the  2020                                                                    
expected rate  of 7.38 percent and  actuarial perspective of                                                                    
5.8  percent. He  acknowledged that  the  previous year  was                                                                    
tough worldwide and it was yet  to be seen how returns would                                                                    
change.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked for clarification that  the expected                                                                    
rate  of return  was higher  than actual  returns. He  asked                                                                    
what  to  expect  from Callan  regarding  future  rates  and                                                                    
return and inflation. He referenced  hearing from the Alaska                                                                    
Permanent  Fund Corporation  (APFC)  that  rates were  going                                                                    
down in the future.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
9:20:23 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
KEVIN   WORLEY,  CHIEF   FINANCIAL   OFFICER,  DIVISION   OF                                                                    
RETIREMENT AND  BENEFITS, DEPARTMENT OF  ADMINISTRATION (via                                                                    
teleconference), relayed that there  was an experience study                                                                    
done  every  four years  and  the  consulting actuary  would                                                                    
consider the  actuarial assumptions  (including the  rate of                                                                    
return)  compared  to  what was  actually  experienced.  The                                                                    
consultant  would work  with Callan  and  the Department  of                                                                    
Revenue (DOR)  over the preceding  year. The  division would                                                                    
consider the rate of return experience from the next study.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  rephrased his question. He  asked what the                                                                    
division's target and return for the previous year.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley shared that the  target had been 7.38 percent and                                                                    
the return was 4.1 percent.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked if  the division  fell short  of its                                                                    
target.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley answered in the affirmative.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked the  division to  be clear  so there                                                                    
was  more understanding.  He acknowledged  that targets  and                                                                    
returns  could vary.  He thought  Mr.  Worley had  indicated                                                                    
that  there  would  be  a  review  from  the  actuaries  and                                                                    
consultants that  would come  some time  in the  summer, and                                                                    
the  information would  be available  to  the committee  the                                                                    
following January.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Worley stated  that the  experience  study would  start                                                                    
during the summer  and would take about a  year to complete,                                                                    
during  which  the  information   would  be  considered  and                                                                    
adopted by  the ARM board.  The study  would be in  the June                                                                    
30, 2021 valuation report issued summer of 2022.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked if the committee  should be prepared                                                                    
to expect  a request  for a  higher contribution  rate since                                                                    
there were  expectations of lower growth  of capital markets                                                                    
for the next decade (as relayed by APFC).                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley  stated that the  matter would have to  be worked                                                                    
out during  the course  of the  meetings with  the actuarial                                                                    
committee,  the actuary  consultants,  Callan,  and DOR.  He                                                                    
reminded that the  division's investing time-perspective was                                                                    
different   than  that   of  the   APFC.  He   believed  the                                                                    
projections  for the  Permanent Fund  were based  on a  much                                                                    
shorter time frame than that of the retirement systems.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman pointed  out that  the Permanent  Fund was                                                                    
invested  in the  equities and  bond markets  in the  United                                                                    
States.  He  recognized  there were  time-frame  issues.  He                                                                    
understood  other   states  in  the  country   were  cutting                                                                    
contributions  towards unfunded  liabilities,  which he  did                                                                    
not think  was in  the best  interest of  the state.  He was                                                                    
concerned if  there was a risk  of a higher capital  call on                                                                    
the  treasury, there  should  be  information sooner  rather                                                                    
than later. He asked for  assistance with rough estimates of                                                                    
what was coming.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
9:25:18 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman  continued  his remarks.  He  acknowledged                                                                    
that it  was not possible  to have exact numbers  but wanted                                                                    
ballpark figures  to factor  into committee  discussions. He                                                                    
thought Callan would  be presenting to the  committee in the                                                                    
future and  addressing the Permanent  Fund and  possibly the                                                                    
PERs  and TERS  issue. He  expressed concern  about changing                                                                    
capital market  expectations when the  state was in  a tough                                                                    
financial spot.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Senator  von  Imhof  appreciated  slide 7.  She  noted  that                                                                    
beginning  in  2015,  the  valuation  method  recognized  20                                                                    
percent in investment gains. She  referenced slide 11, which                                                                    
referenced a longer history. She  thought it was possible to                                                                    
see a  trend on slide 7,  even if the period  was shorter in                                                                    
time.  She  wanted  to  see  a  difference  between  assumed                                                                    
actuarial rates and  the differences with the  rate based on                                                                    
fair market assets. She considered  whether PERS and TRS had                                                                    
an adequate funding ratio. She  thought something similar to                                                                    
the  Department of  Natural Resources'  oil forecast,  which                                                                    
had high, medium, and low scenarios, could be helpful.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  thought what  Senator von  Imhof described                                                                    
was called  a bugle  graph and  could be  put in  dollars or                                                                    
percentages.  He thought  the  graphs  well illustrated  the                                                                    
risk level.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Senator von  Imhof thought  it would  be helpful  to reframe                                                                    
slide  7  to  include  the  years  2015  to  2020  with  the                                                                    
different rates.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked Mr. Worley  to reframe the slide with                                                                    
the  help  of the  Legislative  Finance  Division (LFD).  He                                                                    
asserted  that there  was  a significant  cash  call on  the                                                                    
treasury  and  emphasized  the  importance  of  an  accurate                                                                    
understanding of expectations.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
9:29:03 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Bishop referenced  slide 5  and commented  that if                                                                    
the  legislature had  not made  large deposits  in the  past                                                                    
such  as  in 2015,  there  would  be much  more  significant                                                                    
deposits needed  going forward. He thought  it was important                                                                    
to avoid the situation in the future.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley  affirmed that  he would  respond to  Senator von                                                                    
Imhof's  request  to provide  2015  to  2020 information  as                                                                    
noted  on slide  7. He  would reach  out to  DOR, since  the                                                                    
agency did all the investing for the system.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair   Stedman   stressed    the   importance   of   not                                                                    
underfunding the state's obligation.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  highlighted slide 8,  "Funded Status    Valuation                                                                    
Results  ($000's)," which  showed  a data  table. The  table                                                                    
showed total  overall status of the  actuarial funded ratio,                                                                    
which  was about  78.4 percent  in 2019  for PERS.  He noted                                                                    
that the 79.3 percent for PERS  for 2020 was a draft and not                                                                    
yet  approved  by  the board.  He  discussed  the  actuarial                                                                    
funded ratio  for TRS, which  was 85.9 percent for  2019 and                                                                    
projected to be 86.6 percent for 2020.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai looked  at slide  9, "Funded  Status    Valuation                                                                    
Results  ($000's)," which  showed a  data table  with funded                                                                    
status for  the defined benefit  pension. He cited  that the                                                                    
ratio for  PERS in 2019  was 63.7 percent and  was projected                                                                    
to be  about 62.6 percent  for 2020. Similarly, for  TRS the                                                                    
most recent  valuation ratio was  75.3 percent, and  a draft                                                                    
ratio of 75.0 percent for 2020.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
9:32:29 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai addressed  slide 10,  "Funded Status    Valuation                                                                    
Results ($000's)," which showed  a data table showing funded                                                                    
status for  defined benefit  health care  for PERS  and TRS.                                                                    
The 2019 funded  ratio for PERS was 109.2  percent, and 2020                                                                    
was expected  to be 113.5  percent. The 2019 TERS  ratio was                                                                    
about 117  percent for 2019,  raising to an  estimated 121.3                                                                    
percent for 2020.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked about  understanding the mechanism of                                                                    
overfunding  in healthcare  and the  slight underfunding  in                                                                    
pension.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley  stated that  for funding  for the  health plans,                                                                    
the state  currently deposited what  was called  the "normal                                                                    
cost," which  was the  annual cost  of the  healthcare plan.                                                                    
Because it was over funded,  the state would have a negative                                                                    
past  service cost,  which  could  reduce the  contributions                                                                    
going  into the  healthcare  trust. Because  of statutes  in                                                                    
place, the  state was  not allowed to  take a  negative past                                                                    
service  cost or  reduction to  the contribution  percentage                                                                    
rate for healthcare.  The statute was a result  of a funding                                                                    
situation  from  20  years previously.  The  division  would                                                                    
continue requesting  employers to  make a  contribution into                                                                    
the healthcare plan even though it was overfunded.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked about the  point at which the funding                                                                    
level  was higher  than necessary.  He  questioned when  the                                                                    
statute  should be  revisited, so  the overfunding  could be                                                                    
directed toward the pension side.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Worley  stated  that  the  matter  had  been  discussed                                                                    
internally. The  division had discussed better  ways to fund                                                                    
the pension plan. He thought  the division could work on the                                                                    
matter with the ARM Board, DOR, and the legislature.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman agreed  with  Mr.  Worley's suggestion  to                                                                    
address the matter.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
9:36:17 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Senator von  Imhof observed  that there  were 20,000  Tier 1                                                                    
retirees. She asked if the  state was overfunded because the                                                                    
retirees were  healthy and not  making claims.  She wondered                                                                    
how quickly the numbers could change.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai deferred  to Ms.  Ricci  for more  detail on  the                                                                    
numbers.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Ms.  Ricci stated  that funding  levels  for the  healthcare                                                                    
plan had  been positively impacted by  the implementation of                                                                    
the EGWP.  She explained that healthcare  costs could change                                                                    
fairly  dramatically. While  there had  been initial  relief                                                                    
from the EGWP, there had  also been dramatic cost increases,                                                                    
especially  related   to  specialty   drugs  and   new  gene                                                                    
therapies.  She  emphasized  the healthcare  costs  for  the                                                                    
group  could  increase  quickly.   She  cited  that  another                                                                    
contributor  of  the  positive funding  status  was  due  to                                                                    
increasing  age of  participants,  at  which point  Medicare                                                                    
became  a primary  payer. The  division had  seen about  a 7                                                                    
percent increase  in membership  moving to  the group  of 65                                                                    
and  over  individuals.  There   had  been  a  reduction  in                                                                    
pharmacy  costs  as  well as  greater  numbers  of  retirees                                                                    
becoming  Medicare-eligible.  She  affirmed  that  that  the                                                                    
division  tried  to  anticipate changes  in  the  healthcare                                                                    
system,  which it  would try  and manage  as efficiently  as                                                                    
possible.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Senator  von   Imhof  assumed  that  the   division  tracked                                                                    
demographics of the 22,000 members.  She asked about the age                                                                    
breakdown of the  members, and if Ms. Ricci  could share the                                                                    
information with the committee.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Ms.  Ricci   agreed  to  share  the   information  with  the                                                                    
committee.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
9:40:27 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai advanced  to slide 11, "Historical  Rate of Return                                                                    
and  Funded Ratio,"  which showed  a large  data table.  The                                                                    
data  went back  to 1996.  He pointed  out that  the numbers                                                                    
shown in red, such as in  2001 and 2002, indicated the lower                                                                    
returns  and the  ratio dropped.  Negative returns  affected                                                                    
the actuarially funded ratio.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman thought  it  was nice  to  see the  funded                                                                    
ratio  advancing  on the  slide.  He  reminded that  viewers                                                                    
should take the  numbers for 1996 through 2001  with a grain                                                                    
of salt, as  he suspected the numbers were  not accurate. He                                                                    
referenced  past defensive  maneuvers  to  keep the  pension                                                                    
plan solvent.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Senator Hoffman  looked at  the "Assumed  Actuarial Earnings                                                                    
Rate" in  the second column.  He asked  if the rate  was for                                                                    
both the PERS and TRS systems.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  answered  in the  affirmative.  He  stated  that                                                                    
historically  the rate  had been  set the  same for  the two                                                                    
systems.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Senator Hoffman asked if the rate  was the same for PERS and                                                                    
TRS,  the plans  must  be invested  differently since  there                                                                    
were  different actual  rates of  return.  He observed  that                                                                    
there were  differences in the  rates of return for  the two                                                                    
systems over time.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  invited Mr. Worley  to address  Senator Hoffman's                                                                    
question.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley thought  the question would best  be addressed by                                                                    
DOR. He thought the difference in  rates of return had to do                                                                    
with incoming  revenue coming at  different times.  He noted                                                                    
that PERS  employers reporting to  the division  ranged from                                                                    
bi-weekly,  semi-weekly,  to  monthly timing  of  funds.  He                                                                    
offered to reach out to DOR for a more detailed response.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked for Mr.  Worley to reach out  to DOR                                                                    
and addition  asked to clarify  if there was  co-mingling of                                                                    
PERS and TRS.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley agreed to provide the information.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  looked at  slide  12,  "Funded Ratio     History                                                                    
(Based on Actuarial Valuation Reports),"  which showed a bar                                                                    
graph  showing the  funded ratio  history for  PERS and  TRS                                                                    
from 2001 to the most recent valuation in 2019.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman observed that the  last time there were any                                                                    
real gains to  the ratio was when the state  had made a cash                                                                    
infusion to the systems.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai agreed.                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
9:45:03 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai showed slide 13,  "Unfunded Liability   PERS / TRS                                                                    
($000's)," which showed  a bar graph with data  from 2006 to                                                                    
the last  valuation date  in 2019. He  pointed out  that the                                                                    
last column showed that the  PERS unfunded liability present                                                                    
value was  about $4.8  billion and  was nearly  $1.4 billion                                                                    
for TRS. He summarized that  there was about $6.2 billion in                                                                    
present value for unfunded liability.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  observed that during the  period from 2008                                                                    
to 2019,  PERS was  about the  same for  unfunded liability,                                                                    
while TRS had improved significantly  by over $1 billion. He                                                                    
asked for Mr. Desai to address the contribution issue.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  drew  attention to  a  significant  increase  in                                                                    
unfunded liability  2012 and 2013. He  considered that there                                                                    
had  been   significant  movement   in  the   PERS  unfunded                                                                    
liability as it rose and fell between 2008 and 2019.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman  asked  Mr. Desai  to  provide  a  written                                                                    
answer as to  why there were gains for TRS  and did not gain                                                                    
anything in PERS from 2008 to 2019.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai referenced  slide 14,  "Employers and  Additional                                                                    
State  Contributions Projection,"  which showed  a graphical                                                                    
flow chart:                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
     Allocation of Projected Employer and Additional State                                                                      
     Contributions  with  Liabilities "Rolled  Forward"  Two                                                                    
     Years, Assets "Rolled Forward" One Year and Smoothed                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  summarized  that  the slide  showed  a  kind  of                                                                    
timeline  of what  it  took to  determine  annual rates  for                                                                    
employer   and  state   contributions.  The   last  complete                                                                    
valuation,  the actual  rate of  return,  and the  projected                                                                    
rate was considered.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman  thought  the state  frequently  struggled                                                                    
with the delayed impact of change.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
9:49:07 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai turned  to slide 15, "FY2022  Contribution Rates                                                                      
DB Plans," which  showed a data table  of contribution rates                                                                    
for  defined benefit  plans. He  noted that  the rates  were                                                                    
determined  using the  process illustrated  on the  previous                                                                    
slide.  He  discussed  contribution  rates  and  noted  that                                                                    
employer contribution  rates were  capped at 22  percent and                                                                    
12.56 percent for PERS and  TRS respectively. He pointed out                                                                    
that  the   row  showing  "Additional   state  contribution"                                                                    
signified  the amount  the state  paid  toward the  unfunded                                                                    
liability.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Senator von  Imhof did not  know when it was  appropriate to                                                                    
ask about  SB 55, which  pertained to PERS payments  and was                                                                    
sponsored at the request of the governor.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman thought  the  matter  should be  addressed                                                                    
when the  bill was  before the committee  for consideration.                                                                    
He  thought   the  committee  could  go   into  more  detail                                                                    
regarding contributions when the bill was discussed.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Senator von Imhof thought it  was important to know that the                                                                    
bill  was  coming  forward and  would  address  contribution                                                                    
rates and funding sources.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman  thought  the  bill would  be  before  the                                                                    
committee in the next month or so.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Senator Wielechowski  thought there was a  federal bill with                                                                    
funding  that could  possibly apply  to the  state's defined                                                                    
benefit plans.  He wondered if  the division  was monitoring                                                                    
the issue.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked if the  department had heard if there                                                                    
was  any relief  for unfunded  pension liability  for states                                                                    
included in the most recent federal COVID-19 relief bill.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  stated that  the federal  legislation was  in the                                                                    
draft stage and  the division did not have any  detail as to                                                                    
the potential  impacts. The department  would be  working to                                                                    
understand  the  impacts  but  did  not  have  any  detailed                                                                    
information yet.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Senator  Wielechowski  understood  that the  bill  contained                                                                    
significant relief for states.  He was interested in getting                                                                    
an  update  from  the  administration,  as  he  thought  the                                                                    
funding could have as significant impact on the budget.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman  stated  that  LFD  would  be  working  on                                                                    
understanding  the  federal   legislation.  He  thought  the                                                                    
administration would be  doing the same and  would work with                                                                    
the legislature to the greatest advantage of the state.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
9:53:41 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai considered slide 16,  "FY2022 Contribution Rates                                                                      
DC Plans," which  showed a data table  of contribution rates                                                                    
for  defined contribution  plans.  He cited  that the  slide                                                                    
showed that  employees in  defined contribution  plans under                                                                    
PERS and TRS contributed about  8 percent. The employer paid                                                                    
5 percent  for PERS  and 7 percent  for TRS.  The healthcare                                                                    
percentage for  PERS was 1.07  percent, and .83  percent for                                                                    
TRS.  Occupational death  and disability  for all  employees                                                                    
was at a  rate of about .31 percent, and  for peace officers                                                                    
and firefighters  was .68 percent.  For TERS  the healthcare                                                                    
percent was  .08 percent.  The health  reimbursement account                                                                    
was a flat dollar amount based  on 3 percent of all PERS and                                                                    
TRS  average  annual  compensation.   Any  overflow  of  the                                                                    
contributions  helped  towards   the  defined  benefit  plan                                                                    
unfunded liability.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Senator Wilson wondered how Alaska  compared to other states                                                                    
with regard to unfunded liability.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman thought the question was broad.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai agreed  to  provide the  information  at a  later                                                                    
time. He noted that the  division participated in a national                                                                    
organization that would have information.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked for Mr. Desai  to include healthcare                                                                    
information as well.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
9:56:22 AM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai   displayed  slide  17,  "Contribution   Rates                                                                       
History," which  showed two  line graphs;  one for  PERS and                                                                    
one  for TRS.  He pointed  out  that in  2014, the  required                                                                    
contribution was flat at 22  percent, but the actuarial rate                                                                    
was 31.9 percent. The gap between  the two rates was paid as                                                                    
the  additional state  contribution. He  continued that  for                                                                    
TRS, it was possible to see  the gap in rates that signified                                                                    
the state's additional contribution.                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Senator  Wielechowski asked  if  Alaska was  still the  only                                                                    
state in  the country  that did not  have a  defined benefit                                                                    
plan or social security for state employees.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai believed there were  other states that had stopped                                                                    
providing  defined  benefits. He  did  not  have details  on                                                                    
individual states. He offered  to provide the information at                                                                    
a later time.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  noted that the  TRS system could  opt into                                                                    
social security,  and the choice  was not controlled  by the                                                                    
legislature.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
Senator  Wielechowski asked  if  there  had been  discussion                                                                    
regarding the  PERS or TRS  systems opting back  into Social                                                                    
Security.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai had not heard of  any discussion on the matter. He                                                                    
thought there  had been  questions about  how TRS  could get                                                                    
back  under social  security. He  echoed Co-Chair  Stedman's                                                                    
remarks  that  there  was  an  option  to  opt  into  social                                                                    
security. He did not have any additional information.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
Senator von Imhof affirmed that  there was always the option                                                                    
of opting back into Social  Security. She thought the change                                                                    
would  require a  vote  and  the matter  was  not under  the                                                                    
purview of the legislature.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  highlighted slide 18, "Projected  Pension Benefit                                                                    
Recipients,"  which showed  a line  graph. The  graph showed                                                                    
the count  of retirees  receiving benefits from  the system.                                                                    
He  drew attention  to  the  top line  of  the chart,  which                                                                    
showed there  were about 51,639 retirees  receiving benefits                                                                    
from PERS  and TRS.  According to  the latest  valuation, in                                                                    
2029 the  state would have its  highest population receiving                                                                    
benefits from the plans at close to 58,000 retirees.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman reminded that the  state was in no jeopardy                                                                    
of  not meeting  its  pension  obligations. He  acknowledged                                                                    
that the unfunded liability was a  cash flow issue and in no                                                                    
way were  the retirees subject  to an adverse  cash position                                                                    
within  the  retirement  plans.  He  thought  meetings  were                                                                    
sometimes  misinterpreted regarding  the unfunded  liability                                                                    
and the state's ability to pay its obligations.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai agreed with Co-Chair Stedman.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
10:01:00 AM                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai  looked at slide  19, "Projected  Pension Benefits                                                                    
Payment ($000's)," which showed a  line graph. He cited that                                                                    
the  state  would be  paying  about  $1.5 million  for  2021                                                                    
compared with  a projected peak  at $2 billion in  2036. The                                                                    
chart slowed down after 2037  after retirees aged out of the                                                                    
system. The state would make  the benefits payment until the                                                                    
end of the century.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked why the  chart went to 2100, which he                                                                    
thought was indicative of a long life expectancy.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Desai explained that there  were many employees that had                                                                    
not  retired under  the PERS  and TRS  systems yet  and were                                                                    
still  active.  The  projection  of  the  expected  payments                                                                    
considered  demographic   information  and  the   fact  that                                                                    
beneficiaries could collect benefits after death.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman contemplated that  a beneficiary would have                                                                    
to be  20 years  of age currently  to receive  benefits that                                                                    
far in the future.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai stated  that beneficiaries  could  be spouses  or                                                                    
children. He had seen a projection until the year 2112.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman referenced  Senator  von Imhof's  question                                                                    
about age distribution  and thought it would  be helpful for                                                                    
the  committee to  see how  many qualified  individuals were                                                                    
under the  defined benefit plan  that were in  different age                                                                    
groups.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
Senator Wilson  asked if there  had been any  trends related                                                                    
to retirement age and life expectancy changes.                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman asked to be  reminded about life expectancy                                                                    
tables and how often the information was reset.                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Mr. Worley agreed to send  the committee the life expectancy                                                                    
tables. He explained that the  tables were considered during                                                                    
the  experience  study,  when   the  actual  experience  and                                                                    
assumptions  were  compared  using  data  from  a  four-year                                                                    
period. He thought  there could be an update  after the next                                                                    
study was completed after 2021.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  thought the  tables had  been continuously                                                                    
extended.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
Senator  Wilson   thought  there  had  been   recent  debate                                                                    
regarding whether COVID-19 had  changed the data and studies                                                                    
being done.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman noted that the  last widow of a Confederate                                                                    
soldier  from the  Civil War  had passed  away the  previous                                                                    
year.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
10:06:02 AM                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai  addressed  slide 20,  "Health  Care  Cost  Trend                                                                    
Rates," which  showed a data  table with data from  the last                                                                    
actuarial evaluation in  2019. He pointed out  the 7 percent                                                                    
rate in  the "Medical  Pre-65" column.  He noted  that after                                                                    
2050 the rate  was projected to continue at  4.5 percent for                                                                    
all the groups.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
Senator Hoffman referenced  the Supplemental Benefits System                                                                    
and  deferred  compensation.  Several years  previously  the                                                                    
state had  submitted a plan  to the federal  government that                                                                    
changed how the retirement  systems worked. He had expressed                                                                    
concerns that deferred compensation  should be an individual                                                                    
decision  by state  employees. He  thought the  problem with                                                                    
the plan the state had  submitted was that individuals could                                                                    
only   access   the   deferred   compensation   funds   upon                                                                    
retirement. He  asked for a  list of number  of participants                                                                    
for  the  previous  ten  years,  and  the  yearly  total  of                                                                    
deferred compensation  deductions. He was concerned  that by                                                                    
including deferred compensation  into the state's retirement                                                                    
program,  it had  taken a  management  tool from  individual                                                                    
employees.  He   questioned  what   benefit  there   was  to                                                                    
employees  that deferred  income  but could  not access  the                                                                    
funds. He thought the state  had made a mistake by including                                                                    
deferred compensation  program in the retirement  system and                                                                    
not  allowing  individual  employees to  have  control  over                                                                    
their own funds.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair  Stedman asked  Mr. Desai  to  get the  information                                                                    
back to the  committee. He thought it would be  nice to have                                                                    
a  historical view  of  deferred compensation  participation                                                                    
over the last several decades.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
Mr.  Desai agreed  to provide  the information  requested by                                                                    
Senator  Hoffman.  He thought  the  division  had done  some                                                                    
research on the  matter. He stated he would try  to find out                                                                    
whether  there were  federal regulations  with options  that                                                                    
allowed making changes to the  plan to allow participants to                                                                    
withdraw benefits.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
10:10:39 AM                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Senator Hoffman asked if any  other states were treating the                                                                    
deferred compensation program in the same way as Alaska.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman  asked Mr. Desai  to add  Senator Hoffman's                                                                    
additional   question   to   the  inquiry   about   deferred                                                                    
compensation.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
Co-Chair Stedman commented that  the retirement system was a                                                                    
serious issue to  the entire state. He  discussed the agenda                                                                    
for the following week.                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
ADJOURNMENT                                                                                                                   
10:12:18 AM                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
The meeting was adjourned at 10:12 a.m.                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                

Document Name Date/Time Subjects
020521 DOA_PERS_TRS_Overview_2021.pdf SFIN 2/5/2021 9:00:00 AM
PRS/TRS
020521 DOA Response Attachment A.pdf SFIN 2/5/2021 9:00:00 AM
PRS/TRS
020521 Senate Finance Committee - PERS TRS Meeting Questions 02052021.pdf SFIN 2/5/2021 9:00:00 AM
PERS/TRS
020521 DOA Response Attachment B.pdf SFIN 2/5/2021 9:00:00 AM
PERS/TRS